Tongue cleaning device

ABSTRACT

A tongue cleaning device includes a debris retention feature that helps the user remove debris from the tongue. In one embodiment, the feature is a suction system that removes the debris from the working area of the device. In another embodiment, the feature is a recess positioned adjacent the working edge such that the debris will collect in the recess. Another embodiment of the invention provides a tongue cleaning device having a working edge that is concave with respect to the tongue. Other embodiments of the invention provide flexible handle and head designs.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/259,655 filed Jan. 4, 2001; the disclosures ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention generally relates to tongue cleaning devices.

2. Background Information

Numerous types of tongue cleaning devices are known in the art. All haveadvantages and disadvantages. The art generally desires a tonguecleaning device that effectively cleans the plaque and debris from thetongue while being safe, easy to use, and effective.

One drawback with existing tongue cleaning devices is that the debriscollected by the device will fall off of the device shortly after thedevice is removed from the tongue. Most home users clean their tonguesover a bathroom sink and the debris retention problem does not botherthem or stop them from using the devices. In other settings, the debrisretention problem is of more concern. One such setting is a hospitalwhere it is becoming more desirable to clean the tongues of bedriddenpatients in order to reduce the amount of bacteria of the patient'stongue. Those who use tongue cleaning devices in these situations desirea tongue cleaning device that will retain or remove the debris from thescraping wall of the tongue cleaning device so that the tongue cleaningdevice may be easily used on a patient who is on his back.

Another problem in the tongue cleaner art is the manufacture of theworking edge for the tongue cleaner. A working edge cannot be too sharpbecause the edge will cut the tongue. On the other hand, the workingedge cannot be too dull because the edge will not clean the tongue. Theart thus desires tongue cleaning designs and methods for manufacturingtongue cleaning devices wherein the sharpness of the working edge can becontrolled.

A further drawback with known tongue cleaning devices is the amount oftongue width that can be effectively cleaned by a single pass of thetongue cleaning device. The art desires a working edge shape andconfiguration that more effectively cleans the surface of the tongue.

The art also desires flexible tongue cleaning devices that flex whenpressed down on the tongue to help prevent the user from pressing toohard against the tongue. To be useful, the handle must flex along thelongitudinal axis of the handle. The art desires different handle andhead configurations that provide for this flexing motion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the invention provides a tongue cleaning device thatallows the debris being gathered by the tongue cleaning device to beeasily removed from the tongue and device. The embodiment provides foreasy debris removal by combining a suction mechanism with the tonguescraping member. The suction mechanism may be a powered suctionmechanism or a manual suction mechanism. The elements of the suctionmechanism may be replaceable.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a tongue cleaning devicethat incorporates a debris retention feature that retains the debriscollected from the tongue.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a tongue cleaning devicethat incorporates a working edge that is concave with respect to thetongue so that a wide section of the tongue may be cleaned with a singlepass of the device.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a tongue cleaning devicehaving a flexible handle. The flexible handle allows the working bladeof the tongue cleaning device to be properly positioned on the tongueduring use. The invention provides a flexible handle that has memory sothat it returns to its original resting position after each use.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a tongue cleaning devicefabricated from titanium. In one embodiment, the titanium is anodized toprovide different colors to the tongue cleaning device.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a tongue cleaning devicehaving a scraping member with a smooth working edge that always presentsa rounded surface to the user's tongue. The rounded surface prevents theworking edge from catching on the user's tongue during use.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a tongue cleaning device having a suctionmechanism to remove debris scraped from the tongue surface.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2—2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a tongue cleaning device having a flexiblehandle.

FIG. 3A is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing an alternative embodiment ofthe flexible handle.

FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a tongue cleaning device having a flexiblehandle.

FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a tongue cleaning device having a flexiblehandle.

FIG. 8 is a side view of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9—9 of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a tongue cleaning device having a flexiblehandle.

FIG. 11 is a side view of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a top plan view of a tongue cleaning device having a flexiblehandle.

FIG. 13 is a side view of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a top plan view of a tongue cleaning device having a flexiblehandle.

FIG. 15 is a side view of FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a top plan view of a tongue cleaning device having a flexiblehandle.

FIGS. 17–22 are schematic top plan views of tongue cleaning deviceshaving flexible handles.

FIGS. 23A–23X depict different scraping member cross sections that maybe used with different tongue cleaning devices.

FIG. 24 is a section view of the head of a tongue cleaning device with adebris retention recess.

FIG. 25 is a section view of an alternative tongue cleaning device headhaving a debris retention recess similar to the head in FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 shows an end view of a tongue cleaning device showing a workingedge having a concave shape with respect to the tongue.

FIG. 27 is a section view of a tongue cleaning device that has aself-contained debris removal system.

FIG. 28 is a section view of a scraping wall of a tongue cleaning devicebefore it is polished to round the corners.

FIG. 29 is a section view of the wall of FIG. 28 showing the polishingforces acting on the wall.

FIG. 30 is a section view of the wall of FIG. 28 showing the scrapingwall after it has been polished.

FIG. 30A is an enlarged view of the working edge of the scraping wall.

FIG. 31 is a section view of a scraping wall formed with a plurality ofwires.

Similar numbers refer to similar parts throughout the specification.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

One embodiment of the tongue cleaning device of present invention isindicated generally by the numeral 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2. Tongue cleaningdevice 10 generally includes body that has a handle 12 and a head 14.Handle 12 is an elongated structure that fits the human hand so that theuser may manipulate head 14 with handle 12. Head 14 generally includesan edge that engages the user's tongue and removes the debris from theuser's tongue.

In the embodiment of the invention depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, handle 12has a V-shaped cross section that includes opposed sides 20 and 22. TheV-shaped cross section adds strength to the handle and provides a handlethat is easy to grip by the user.

Handle 12 terminates into head 14. Specifically, the exemplary head 14includes a pair of legs 30 and 32 that each split off substantiallylongitudinally and in a substantially planar manner from its respectiveside 20 and 22. An opening 34 is disposed between legs 30 and 32. Head14 may be slightly angled from the longitudinal axis of handle 12 as isshown in FIG. 2. Different heads 14 may be used in other embodiments ofthe invention.

A scraping member or wall 36 extends between the outer ends of each leg30 and 32 transversely to legs 30 and 32. Scraping wall 36 may becurved. When in use, scraping wall 36 is substantially vertical whilehandle 12 and legs 30 and 32 are substantially horizontal. The lowermostedge of scraping wall 36 is the working edge 38 that engages the tongue.Working edge 38 is smooth in the drawings while it may be jagged, tooth,serrated, grooved, notched, stepped, or otherwise patterned in otherembodiments. In each of these embodiments, the sharpness of working edge38 is dull enough to avoid cutting the user's tongue while in use.

Tongue cleaning device 10 includes a debris-removal system 40 adapted toremove debris from device 10 that device 10 has collected from theuser's tongue. System 40 includes a channel 41 that allows debris to betransported away from head 14. Channel 41 terminates adjacent workingedge 38 or scraping wall 36. A single or a plurality of openings 42provide communication between channel 41 and working edge 38. Channel 41may extend from working edge 38, down head 14, and along handle 12.Channel 41 is in fluid communication with a vacuum source 44 thatprovides a suction force to openings 42. The suction force is sufficientto transport debris being removed from the tongue by working edge 38through channel 41. Suction device 44 may be a powered suction devicethat is commonly used in a dentist office. In this embodiment, thedebris removed by tongue cleaning device 10 is automatically depositedin an appropriate receptacle by the powered suction device. In anotherembodiment, suction device 44 may be a manually-activated bulb that isselectively connected to channel 41. In this embodiment, the userdepresses the bulb and releases the bulb to create the suction force ashe applies working edge 38 to his tongue.

Channel 41 may be removably attached or integrally formed with head 14and handle 12. When removably attached, channel 41 may be cleaned andre-attached. Channel 41 may also be easily replaced. When integrallyformed, channel 41 is configured to allow the interior of channel to becleaned by appropriate cleaning techniques known in the dentistry art.

Opening 42 may be centrally positioned with respect to head 14. In otherembodiments, openings 42 are disposed along the length of working edge38 and/or legs 20 and 22. When a plurality of openings are used, eachopening 42 may be connected to channel 41 with an individual channel sothat the suction force is evenly distributed to each opening 42.

Tongue cleaning device 10 may be fabricated from a variety of materialsknown in the art such as plastic, steel, aluminum, titanium, etc. Thematerial may be cleaned and sterilized. For home use, the material maywithstand the heat of a standard dishwasher. The material may have anon-porous finish that does not allow organic material to collect on thesurface.

An alternative embodiment of a tongue cleaning device having a suctionsystem is indicated generally by the numeral 210 in FIG. 27. Tonguecleaning device 210 generally includes body that has a handle 212 and ahead 214. Handle 212 is an elongated structure that fits the human handso that the user may manipulate head 214 with handle 212. Head 214generally includes an edge that engages the user's tongue and removesthe debris 216 from the user's tongue.

In the embodiment of the invention depicted in FIG. 27, handle 212 is astraight, elongated handle sized to be held by and manipulated with thehuman hand. Handle 212 terminates into head 214 that defines a scrapingmember or wall 236 that extends down from handle 214. The lowermost edgeof scraping wall 236 is the working edge 238 that engages the tongue.

Tongue cleaning device 210 includes a debris-removal system 240 adaptedto remove debris from device 210 that device 210 has collected from theuser's tongue. System 240 includes a channel 241 that allows debris tobe transported away from head 214. Channel 241 terminates adjacentworking edge 238 or scraping wall 236. A single or a plurality ofopenings 242 provide communication between channel 241 and working edge238. Channel 241 may extend from working edge 238, down head 214, andalong handle 212. Channel 241 is in fluid communication with a vacuumsource 244 that provides a suction force to opening 242. The suctionforce is sufficient to transport debris being removed from the tongue byworking edge 238 through channel 241. A venturi opening 245 is providedin head 214 to create a suction flow through opening 242 without causingdevice 210 from suctioning itself to the user's tongue. Venturi opening245 is in fluid communication with channel 241.

Suction device 244 is a powered suction device having a fan 246 disposedin a housing 247 carried by handle 212. Fan 246 blows air out of anexhaust opening 248 defined by housing 247. Appropriate switches andpower sources may be supplied as needed to operate device 244.

In this embodiment, the debris removed by tongue cleaning device 210 isdeposited in an appropriate debris retention device 250. Device 250 maybe removable so that it may be cleaned or replaced. In some embodiments,device 250 may be disposable. Device 250 is positioned intermediateworking edge 238 and suction device such that debris pulled into channel241 is dropped into device 250 through opening 251 before it reachessuction device 244.

Channel 241 and suction device 244 may be removably attached orintegrally formed with head 214 and handle 212.

Opening 242 may be centrally positioned with respect to head 214. Inother embodiments, openings 242 are disposed along the length of workingedge 238. When a plurality of openings are used, each opening 242 may beconnected to channel 241 with an individual channel so that the suctionforce is evenly distributed to each opening 242.

Different embodiments of tongue cleaning devices are depicted in FIGS.3–22. Each of the tongue cleaning devices in FIGS. 3–22 include aflexible handle design that allows head 14 to flex with respect to theend of handle 12. In each of these embodiments, the flexible handle hasa memory that causes the handle to return to its original position afterbeing bent.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, the handle of the tongue cleaning device includes arelatively thin, flat section 100 that allows the head of the tonguecleaning device to flex with respect to the portion of the handlegripped by the user. Section 100 may be substantially flat or may havethe same V-shaped cross section as the handle. In either configuration,the width of section 100 is substantially thinner than the remainingportion of the handle. The width of section 100 may be 50 percent lessthan the width of the portions of the handle disposed immediatelyadjacent section 100. In other embodiments, the width may be ⅔ less.

Another embodiment is depicted in FIG. 3A wherein material is removedfrom both the handle and the head as indicated by the shaded sections102. In this embodiment, the thin section of the handle smoothly curvesand flows into both the head and the handle of the tongue cleaningdevice. In the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 3A, the thin section of thehandle is referred to as the neck of the handle. The thin neck allowsthe head of the device to flex with respect to handle.

In FIGS. 5 and 6, the neck of the handle is formed with a round rod 104that is used to connect the handle with the head. The rod is flexible sothat the head may flex with respect to the handle. The rod may beprovided in a variety of different configurations and may be fabricatedfrom different materials to increase or decrease its flexibility.

In FIGS. 7–9, the handle is connected to the head with a coil spring 106that allows the head to flex with respect to the handle.

In FIGS. 10 and 11, a spring 108 having a wave-shaped configuration isused to provide the flexing between the head and the handle. The sideview depicted in FIG. 11 shows the wave-shaped pattern of spring 108.Spring 108 has a round cross section.

In FIGS. 12 and 13, a spring 110 is used to provide the flexibility.Spring 110 has a wave-shaped pattern similar to spring 108. Spring 110has a flat cross section.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show another embodiment wherein the handles of thetongue cleaning device includes two lengths of material disposedsubstantially parallel to one another. This structure is shown in U.S.Pat. No. 5,916,228 in FIGS. 16–18. The handle structure depicted inFIGS. 14 and 15 allows the head of the tongue cleaning device to flexwith respect to the handle. The welds depicted in FIG. 14 may be addedto increase the stiffness of the handle. The welds may be eliminated todecrease the stiffness of the handle.

In FIG. 16, material is removed from the interior of both the head andthe handle as indicated by the shaded area 120. The removal of thematerial in the center of the tongue cleaning device increases theflexibility of the device. The length of the material removed from thecenter of the device may extend halfway down the handle as depicted inFIG. 16, substantially the entire length of the handle as depicted inFIGS. 20 and 21, or a small amount of the handle as depicted in FIG. 22.

FIGS. 17–22 show additional handle shapes that increase the flexibilityof the head with respect to the handle. In FIG. 18, two spaced-apart,indented portions are used to allow the handle to flex at two positions.This configuration allows the user to hold the end of the handle in thepalm of his hand and bend the middle portion of the handle is conformwith his palm.

In each of the embodiments described above and below, the head or entirebody of the tongue cleaning device may be fabricated from titanium or atitanium alloy. Creating tongue cleaning devices from titanium or atitanium alloy provides the tongue cleaning devices with advantages notknown before in the art of tongue cleaning devices. Titanium ishypo-allergenic and may be repeatedly applied against the user's tonguewithout creating a reaction between the saliva and the titanium.Titanium will not react with the debris on the tongue.

Titanium allows the tongue cleaning devices to be flexible while havinga memory so that the devices return to their original shape after eachuse. The flexibility of titanium tongue cleaning devices allows thedevices to be safer and less rigid than those in the prior art. Theflexible tongue cleaning devices allow the working bodies of the tonguecleaning devices to adjust to the contours of the tongue. The use oftitanium allows the user to apply force to the tongue while allowing thehandle of the tongue cleaning device to flex to prevent the user fromapplying too much force to the tongue.

Tongue cleaning device handles fabricated from titanium have an inherentmemory quality that will revert to their original shapes after beingbent. Handles fabricated from plastic can break after frequent uses andhandles fabricated from steel will bend out of shape after frequentuses.

Another advantage of using titanium with a tongue cleaning device isthat the tongue cleaning device may be provided with a color while notcoating or painting the device. Coatings and painted surfaces may beundesired by some users because of allergic reactions, or the fear thatthe coating may come off in the user's mouth. Titanium can be colored byanodizing the outer surface of the titanium. Anodized titanium ishypo-allergenic and no paints, pigments, or dyes are used to create thecolored appearance. The colored appearance of the titanium is generatedby creating a transparent oxide film on the outer surface of the metaltongue cleaning device. The film appears colored to the user becauselight striking the surface is partially reflected by the film andpartially passes through the film to reflect off of the metal below thefilm. The delayed light reflection combined with the surface lightreflection to provide a colored appearance to the user. The thickness ofthe oxide film determines the color viewed by the user.

A titanium tongue cleaning device may thus be colored to allow differentusers in the same household a way to readily identify their tonguescraper from another user's. Colored cleaning devices are also desiredfor marketing and advertising purposes. Anodizing the titanium in thismanner provides the identifying color feature while not using dyes,paints, or coatings.

FIGS. 23A though 23X depict different cross sections for the scrapingwall and working edge of the tongue cleaning device. These crosssectional shapes may be used with any of a variety of tongue cleaningdevice configurations such as the configurations depicted in FIGS. 1–22and those depicted in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,916,228 and 5,893,860.

Each of the scraping member configurations depicted in FIG. 23 has acurved or rounded working edge configured to effectively remove debrisfrom the tongue while not catching on or snagging on the tongue. Eachconfiguration has a rounded lower surface wherein the angle included bythe curve of the rounded surface is large enough to maintain the roundedsurface in contact with the tongue when the handle of the tonguecleaning device is pivoted upwardly with respect to the user's face. Inall of the embodiments except FIGS. B and Q, the included angle is atleast 180 degrees. In FIGS. B and Q, the included angle is greater than90 degrees and is shown to be 135 degrees (FIG. B) and 150 degrees (FIG.Q).

The rounded working edge of each configuration has an equal thickness ora smaller thickness than the maximum thickness of the scraping member.The working edge may be positioned along the cross section centerline ofthe scraping member as depicted in FIGS. 23F, I, J, K, M, and N. Theworking edge may also be positioned toward the forward end of thescraping member as depicted in FIGS. 23A, B, C, D, E, G, H, L, O, P, Q,R, and S. In other embodiments, the working edge is position adjacentthe rear end of the scraping member as depicted in FIG. 23T (althoughany of the above configurations may be reversed). In FIGS. 23U, V, W,and X, the entire scraping member has a curved cross section with thescraping member being concave when viewed from the forward end towardthe rear end.

The lower portion of each scraping member shown in FIG. 23 may bedescribed as beaded or tear drop (having a thin neck as shown in FIGS.23A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U, and X) or rounded(no neck portion as shown in FIGS. B, J, Q, R, V, and W). In the past,the lower portion of the scraping member was essentially square orsemi-circular.

The working edge of these figures may be formed by extruding thescraping member to have the shape, hot or cold rolling the member, orwelding a piece onto the member to form the shape. The scraping membermay be fabricated from stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, copper, oran alloy including one of these materials. Plastic may also be used.

FIGS. 24 and 25 show how one of the scraping members of FIG. 23 having adebris retention recess 300 may be used with a tongue cleaning device302. Recess 300 is positioned adjacent working edge 304 so that debrisgathered up from the tongue is retained in recess 300. Recess 300 isparticularly useful for cleaning the tongue of persons in bed so thatthe debris does not fall off of the device before it can be properlydisposed.

Recess 300 is a depressed, concave area defined by the scraping wall ofdevice 302. Debris is gathered up into this concave recess where it isretained until washed out by the user or vigorously shaken loose. FIG.24 shows an embodiment where the head of the device has a centralopening. FIG. 25 shows an embodiment with a closed head.

FIG. 26 depicts an embodiment of the tongue cleaning device wherein theworking edge 350 is concave with respect to the tongue 352. Most humantongues 352 have an upper surface that has a pair of side-by-side lobes.Despite this fact, known tongue scraping surfaces have been flat orconvex with respect to the tongue. The concave working edge 350 allowsthe cleaning device to engage a wider area of tongue 352 than flat orconvex working edges because the concave working surface better matchesthe shape of the lobes as depicted in the drawings.

Working edge 350 has a width that extends between opposed edges of thehead. The height of the scraping wall is taller at the edges than in themiddle portion while the upper surface is substantially coplanar. In thepreferred embodiment, the concave surface is a smooth curve. Thescraping wall may have any of the shapes depicted in FIG. 23.

FIGS. 28–30A depict different steps in a method of manufacturing ascraping wall for a tongue cleaning device so that the working edge ofthe wall is not too sharp while being sharp enough to clean the surfaceof the tongue. The rough scraping wall 400 depicted in FIG. 28 has anupper section 402 of a first thickness 403 and a lower section 404 of asecond thickness 405. Second thickness 405 has a dimension of between0.010 to 0.032 inches with preferred dimensions being between 0.012 and0.020 inches. A working edge having dimensions in this range have beenfound to be good at cleaning the tongue while not cutting the tongue.

In FIG. 29, the arrows indicated by the numeral 410 are used to indicatepolishing action that is taken to smooth the sharp edges of scrapingwall 400 to form a polished wall 412. Wall 412 has the lower sectionformed with the proper dimensions even though a portion of its loweredge is completely worn away. Various polishing methods may be used toround these corners.

In FIG. 31, a scraping head 450 is shown that is manufactured from aplurality of stacked wires 452. Head 450 may be in any of a variety ofshapes known in the art. One exemplary shape is shown in FIG. 1. Wires452 are connected together with binding strips 454 or may be weldedtogether or otherwise bonded together. Each wire 452 has a knowndiameter of between 0.010 inches and 0.032 inches with a preferreddimension between 0.012 and 0.020 inches. Wires 452 are available fromsupplies at these known dimensions and are already rounded. Wires 452thus do not need polished to be smooth to prevent the risk of cutting.

In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity,clearness, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to beimplied therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because suchterms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadlyconstrued.

Moreover, the description and illustration of the invention is anexample and the invention is not limited to the exact details shown ordescribed.

1. A tongue cleaning device that is used for removing debris from a tongue; the device comprising: a body having a handle and head; the head having a scraping wall defining a working edge adapted to be moved over the tongue; the scraping wall having a front surface facing in the direction of the handle of the body; and the head of the body defining a debris retention recess adapted to collect debris as it is removed from the tongue by the working edge; the debris retention recess being a depression defined in the front surface of the scraping wall.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the debris retention recess is adjacent the working edge.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the debris retention recess is a curved depression defined by the head of the body.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the working edge is concave with respect to the tongue; the scraping wall having a middle and a pair of edges; the scraping wall having a first height at the edges and a second height at the middle; the first height being larger than the second height to define the concave working edge.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the body is fabricated from titanium.
 6. A head for a tongue cleaning device that is used for removing debris from a tongue; the head comprising: a body having a scraping wall having an upper edge and a lower edge; the lower edge defining a working edge adapted to be moved over the tongue; and the body defining a debris retention recess adapted to collect debris as it is removed from the tongue by the working edge; the debris retention recess being a depression defined in the scraping wall between the upper and lower edges of the scraping wall.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the debris retention recess is adjacent the working edge.
 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the debris retention recess is a curved depression defined by the head of the body.
 9. The device of claim 6, wherein the working edge is concave with respect to the tongue; the scraping wall having a middle and a pair of edges; the scraping wall having a first height at the edges and a second height at the middle; the first height being larger than the second height to define the concave working edge.
 10. The device of claim 6, wherein the body is fabricated from titanium.
 11. A head for a tongue cleaning device that is used for removing debris from a tongue; the head comprising: a body having a scraping wall defining a working edge adapted to be moved over the tongue; and the scraping wall of the body defining a debris retention recess adapted to collect debris as it is removed from the tongue by the working edge; the debris retention recess disposed immediately above the working edge; the debris retention recess being entirely defined by the scraping wall.
 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the debris retention recess is a curved depression defined by the head of the body.
 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the working edge is concave with respect to the tongue; the scraping wall having a middle and a pair of edges; the scraping wall having a first height at the edges and a second height at the middle; the first height being larger than the second height to define the concave working edge.
 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the body is fabricated from titanium. 